Separate target and earning transactions is a setting available when configuring a program line that uses a targeted mechanism. In a targeted mechanism, multiple target bands can be configured, and the resulting earning rate or amount will depend on which band the qualifying transactions meet.
When Separate target and earning transactions is enabled, the transactions used to determine which band has been achieved are separate from the transactions that earnings are calculated against.
This allows you to incentivize certain transactions (e.g. purchases of a new product), by offering a larger reward against other transactions (e.g. all products).
When this setting is used, two sets of dimensions are available for selection; one that specifies which transactions will qualify for the targets, and one for the transactions that earnings are calculated against.